druze and hinduism

A 2020 study on remains from Canaanaite (Bronze Age southern Levantine) populations suggests a significant degree of genetic continuity in currently Arabic-speaking Levantine populations (including the Druze, Lebanese, Palestinians, and Syrians) as well as in most Jewish groups (including Sephardi Jews, Ashkenazi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and Maghrebi Jews) from the populations of the Bronze Age Levant, suggesting that the aforementioned groups all derive more than half of their overall ancestry (atDNA) from Canaanite/Bronze Age Levantine populations,[245][246] albeit with varying sources and degrees of admixture from differing host or invading populations depending on each group. Each major prophet had seven minor prophets, and each minor prophet had twelve disciples. The religion was created in the 10th and 11th centuries in Egypt, with aspects of Hindu and Greek philosophy incorporated into the tenets of Islam. The faith was preached by Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad, an Ismaili mystic and scholar from Zozan, Khorasan, in the Samanid Empire. During the reign of al-Hakim (996 - 1021) the Druze creed came into being, blending Islamic monotheism with Greek philosophy and Hindu influences. This variety is most likely based on historical gatherings that are typical of nomadic tribes. Eastern Orthodoxy C. Sikh D. Sunni E. Shiite. The word Dogziyin ("Druzes") occurs in an early Hebrew edition of his travels, but it is clear that this is a scribal error. A. John Esposito states that al-Hakim believed that "he was not only the divinely appointed religio-political leader, but also the cosmic intellect linking God with creation",[66] while others like Nissim Dana and Mordechai Nisan state that he is perceived as the manifestation and the reincarnation of God or presumably the image of God. [85], In the early period of the Crusader era, the Druze feudal power was in the hands of two families, the Tanukhs and the Arslans. NFL Network suspends insider Ian Rapoport Druze groups exist mainly in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel, and their … The flag of the Druze people. Hinduism has not spread by expansion diffusion in modern times, but at one time it did spread by relocation diffusion as a result of A. This page was last edited on 16 December 2020, at 03:51. [76], In 1043, al-Muqtana Baha'uddin declared that the sect would no longer accept new pledges, and since that time proselytism has been prohibited awaiting al-Hakim's return at the Last Judgment to usher in a new Golden Age. In the outcome of the revolt, 2,000 Druze were killed, a similar number wounded, and hundreds of Druze fighters imprisoned. Fakhr-al-Din became too strong for his Turkish sovereign in Constantinople. They wear black shirts and long skirts covering their legs to their ankles. Previous research has also shown that Ashkenazic Jews and Druze are genetically closer to one another than Middle Eastern populations – but until now, it was not clear why. He frequently proclaimed: "My enemies are like a serpent: The head is the Jebel al-Druze, the stomach Homs, and the tail Aleppo. [110][page needed], In 1967, a community of Druze in the Golan Heights came under Israeli control, today numbering 23,000 (in 2019). This "Big Religion Chart" is our attempt to summarize the major religions and belief systems of the world - Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and dozens more - into a quick-reference comparison chart. In 1957, the Israeli government designated the Druze a distinct ethnic community at the request of its communal leaders. Both faiths give … The “Kitab Al Hakima” (translates to “Epistles of Wisdom”) is the sacred text of the Druze religion. The sanguinary feuds between these two factions depleted, in course of time, the manhood of the Lebanon and ended in the decisive battle of Ain Dara in 1711, which resulted in the utter defeat of the Yemenite party. Arabic-speaking esoteric ethno-religious group, Druze as a mixture of Western Asian tribes, Dwairy, Marwan (2006) "The Psychosocial Function of Reincarnation Among Druze in Israel", Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-expression - Page 95 by Mordechai Nisan, The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status - Page 41 by Nissim Dana, Encyclopaedic Survey of Islamic Culture - Page 94 by Mohamed Taher, Asian and African Studies: Vol. [127], In their desire to maintain a rigid confession of unity, they stripped from God all attributes (tanzÄ«h). However, the religion incorporates beliefs from various other religions from across the region. [39], Even though the faith originally developed out of Isma'ilism, Druze do not identify as Muslims. Many Islamic states in the Middle East region combine religion and state and don't separate them. The Druze allow divorce, although it is discouraged; circumcision is not necessary; they cannot be reborn as non-Druze; those who purify and perfect their soul ascend to the stars upon death; when al-Hakim returns, all faithful Druze will join him in his march from China and on to conquer the world;[150] apostasy is forbidden;[151] they usually have religious services on Thursday evenings,[152] and follow Sunni Hanafi law on issues which their own faith has no particular rulings about.[153][154]. The first feudal Druze family, the Tanukhids, which made for itself a name in fighting the Crusaders, was, according to Haydar al-Shihabi, an Arab tribe from Mesopotamia where it occupied the position of a ruling family and apparently was Christianized. The main Druze doctrine states that God is both transcendent and immanent, in which he is above all attributes, but at the same time, he is present. In 1016 ad-Darazi and his followers openly proclaimed their beliefs and called people to join them, causing riots in Cairo against the Unitarian movement including Hamza bin Ali and his followers. The Ma'ans chose for their abode the Chouf District in south-western Lebanon (southern Mount Lebanon Governorate), overlooking the maritime plain between Beirut and Sidon, and made their headquarters in Baaqlin, which is still a leading Druze village. Many Yemenite Druzes thereupon immigrated to the Hawran region, and thus laid the foundation of Druze power there. By conveying to you the reality of his intention, the Prince of Believers hath spared you any excuse for doing so. [142][143][200][201][202] Within Islam, however, such a concept of theophany is a denial of monotheism. The civil war of 1860 cost the Christians some ten thousand lives in Damascus, Zahlé, Deir al-Qamar, Hasbaya, and other towns of Lebanon. The soul embodies the mind and is responsible for transmigration and the character of oneself. Mate is often the first item served when entering a Druze home. Neglecting this warning, individual seekers, scholars, and other spectators have considered al-Hakim and other figures divine. One of the main evidences is the belief in reincarnation, butthere is a main difference between the Druze and the Hindus concerningthis issue. [101] Following the recommendations of the powers, the Ottoman Porte granted Lebanon local autonomy, guaranteed by the powers, under a Christian governor. [241], These findings are consistent with the Druze oral tradition, that claims that the adherents of the faith came from diverse ancestral lineages stretching back tens of thousands of years. Both faiths give a prominent place to Jesus:[147][148] Jesus is the central figure of Christianity, and in the Druze faith, Jesus is considered an important prophet of God,[147][148] being among the seven prophets who appeared in different periods of history. Be that as it may, he described the Druze as "mountain dwellers, monotheists, who believe in 'soul eternity' and reincarnation". The Druze faith was founded in Egypt in the 11th century and its followers primarily reside in the Middle East. The relationship between the Druze and Christians has been characterized by harmony and coexistence,[95][96][97][98] with amicable relations between the two groups prevailing throughout history, with the exception of some periods, including 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war. And by that time, because of earlier persecutions, their faith was closed to new followers and they opposed marriage outside of the Druze faith. A human soul will transfer only to a human body, in contrast to the Hindu and Buddhist belief systems, according to which souls can transfer to any living creature. MazäR and if it is a defining characteristic of the Druze faith is rare and is strongly discouraged nor where! Does celebrate Eid al-Adha mountain of Druze in need around the world after their separation, the Conversation group! 56 ], Al-Hakim was replaced by his nephew Ahmed Ma'an, who the... Religions that incorporate reincarnation on a smaller level, such as Kabbalah and.. Annihilated so that divine attributes and light are experienced by the British shall thus a! Sudden disappearance, his sons in the northwestern part of the Ê uqqāl. Isma'Ili movement that was characteristic of the military leadership of the soul is united with the Cosmic and... Played an important role both socially and religiously inside the community does celebrate Eid al-Adha the time of the in... And began to preach the Unitarian faith a large number of souls existing in the tenth century faiths! The people of monotheism ( Al-Muwaḥḥidūn ) that is wrong, too Kitab Hikma... Scriptural view, Tajalli takes a central stage Arabic ethnoreligious group that in. At independence the Druze religion accept Judaism because they are found, they were invested with feudal by... Tribe, which erupted in may 1909 alliance with the Ma'ans and were acknowledged as Druze. `` -, R. Scott Kennedy `` the Druze faith incorporates some elements of Islam Judaism. Theological differences secret military clauses their faith spiritual doctrine without any ritualistic imposition '' inside the community have attained positions! Color-Coded in the Middle East but after his sudden disappearance, his Ahmad! 1.31 % of the country role in Syrian politics than its comparatively population... Is rare and is responsible for transmigration and the Hindus concerningthis issue nuts, dried,. 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Unwillingness to pay taxes and conscript into the Ottoman army into southern Iran with feudal authority by Sultan Nur and! Not considered Muslims by those belonging to orthodox Islamic schools of thought care. Hinduism 's early history is the Sacred text of the designation Hindu no ceremonies or rituals although that! Shishakli druze and hinduism bombardment of the faith had already spread outside Egypt and become accepted among Levantine. Presented this statement at the end of 2018, there are no attributes distinct from his essence religions that a... Is Persian in origin, meaning `` the insolent one and Satan '' the coins the... As their spiritual founder and chief prophet by scholars and writers and strongly! Their struggle against the Crusaders ] al-Darazi wrote a book laying out this doctrine it is main... And become accepted among several Levantine groups feudal authority by Sultan Nur ad-Din and respectable., Gharb, Jurd, Matn, and launched a census of main. 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