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(Note: These extensive revisions mean that modern editors of Pamela have many options when choosing a text on which to base their editions. Someone writing an analysis on Pamela on the website ‘Gradesaver’ encapsulates it perfectly, I think: “If this hedging suggests latent class snobbery on Richardson’s part, however, the novelist does not fail to insist that those who receive privileges under the system bear responsibilities also, and correspondingly those on the lower rungs of the ladder are entitled to claim rights of their superiors. In the novel, Pamela is viewed as the epitome of virtuous and christian femininity with her dedication to chastity, docility and humility. Samuel Richardson’s second novel, Clarissa, or The History of a Young Lady, was published in 7 volumes, 1747-1748, eight years after the appearance of Pamela.This was the noble and tragic story of Clarissa. Samuel Richardson, Printer and Novelist. In another scene, Mr. B actually blames Pamela’s cheekiness as the reason he’s been ‘rougher’ with her. Turning to the works of Locke, Rousseau, Swift, Defoe, and other giants of the British Enlightenment, Jenny Davidson revives the debates that raged over the husbandry of human nature and highlights their critical impact on the development ... Pamela is astonished to discover the motives of Mr. B to be completely antithetical to that of a gentleman. In the epistolary novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded, Samuel Richardson, the well-known English writer of the 18th century, discusses a lot of significant issues, such as the nature of virtue and interpersonal relations, sexual politics and class discrimination, and some other issues. . Bloom, Harold, ed. pretend to describe and enter into characters in upper life?” In setting, too, the novel was a new departure, ranging as it does from England to Italy and including a large number of Italians, highlighted by Clementina, certainly the most memorable character in the novel. Essays and criticism on Samuel Richardson's Pamela - Critical Essays. I had a good deal of this sort before in the summer-house, and yesterday too, which made me rougher with her than perhaps I had otherwise been”, “‘Pamela, don’t be pert to his honour,’ said Mrs Jervis; ‘you should know your distance; you see his honour was only in jest’. Subsequent critical opinion of the novel has varied widely, a few critics considering it Richardson’s masterpiece, while many regard it as his least successful novel. I think the very regressive and problematic understanding of consent and ‘virtue’ is what makes the book interesting. The letters and journal... Did you have a question about the novel, Pamela? Abstract . Mrs. Jervis says to Pamela that she should “stay out of the way of men” if she doesn’t want to become a victim of rape or sexual harassment. Prefatory Material and Letters I through X. Whatever his weaknesses, Richardson was one of the seminal influences in the development of the novel. Mr. B does not, like other high-born men, want to marry someone who is “accustomed to have her will in everything”. Samuel Richardson, the author of the novel, spends a lot of breath at the beginning of the novel trying to convince the readers that Pamela is based on a true story. He began work on Pamela on November 10, 1739 and completed it on January 10, 1740. Richardson’s objects in writing Pamela were moral instruction and commercial success, perhaps in that order. (approx. Not affiliated with Harvard College. For the project of rendering an exemplary character in a realistic manner the appropriate form, he reasoned, was the novel, providing as it did ample scope in which to flesh out psychological complexities and mix dominant virtues with smaller but significant flaws. And despite being delighted at receiving fine clothing and luxury items by the wealthy Mr. B upon his mothers death, Pamela rejects the fine clothing when going to her father’s poor village house in fear of being considered vain and out of place; “But since I am to be turned away, you know, I cannot wear them at my poor father’s; for I should bring all the little village upon my back: and so I resolve not to have them” (p. 86). His impact upon his contemporaries and their immediate successors was profound, not only in England but on the Continent as well, and eventually on the beginnings of the novel in the United States. The novel is also arguably the first novel to introduce Epistolary as a style of fiction writing. The Question and Answer section for Pamela: Or Virtue Rewarded is a great Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Lovelace, attracted and fascinated by Clarissa, abandons his lukewarm courtship of Arabella and, after wounding the girl’s brother in a duel, turns his attention to Clarissa, in spite of her family’s objections. Thanks for exploring this SuperSummary Plot Summary of “Pamela” by Samuel Richardson. A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality study guides that feature detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel. Samuel Richardson was a very moralistic and conservative writer. She’s born lower-class and she embraces her family’s poverty. Reduced to its simplest terms, the “story” or “plot” of the first volume of Pamela is too well known to warrant more than the briefest summary. Pamela contains many powerful scenes that linger long in the reader’s memory: the intended rape scene, the sequence in which Pamela considers suicide, even parts of the marriage scene (preceded by some prodigious feats of letter-writing to her parents on the day prior to the wedding, from six o’clock in the morning, half an hour past eight o’clock, near three o’clock [ten pages], eight o’clock at night, until eleven o’clock the same night and following the marriage) are the work of a powerful writer with a keen sense for the dramatic. But I must stay till then. This book includes a series of analyses of canonical British novels and tales that demonstrates in how this concept can be put into practice for a specific contextual interpretation of the eventfulness of these texts. Found insideReproduction of the original: The History of Sir Charles Grandison by Samuel Richardson His transformation, following his violation of Clarissa, grows and deepens: “One day, I fancy,” he reflects, “I shall hate myself on recollecting what I am about at this instant. Samuel Richardson's epistolary novel Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded illustrates the virtues and trials of romance in the eighteenth century. Pamela’s Journal: The 6th Day of her Happiness (Twice). He sought and found his material from life as he had observed and reflected upon it from childhood and youth as a member of the working class in a highly socially conscious society to his position as an increasingly successful and prosperous printer and publisher. Written by Samuel Richardson, Pamela is widely regarded as one of the earliest novels in the English language. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. Insolence!’ continued she, ‘this moment, when I bid you, know your duty, and give me a glass of wine; or-‘“. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Samuel Richardson was an 18th-century English writer and printer who was born on August 19, 1689 and died on July 4, 1761. This Study Guide consists of approximately 51 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Pamela, or, Virtue Rewarded. In itself, Richardson’s idea of combining instruction with entertainment was, of course, hardly original; then as now, it was a highly traditional argument for the moral utility of art. Pamela’s Journal: The 5th Day of her Freedom through the 10th. The romance novel has the strange distinction of being the most popular but least respected of literary genres. Samuel Richardson Brief Biography of Samuel Richardson Even by... Mr. B (a.k.a. Pamela herself, in the first few pages of the book, acknowledges that the class distinction between her and Mr. B should make their relationship implausible. Analysis Of Pamela By Samuel Richardson's Pamela. “Pamela: or virtue rewarded” is an epistolary novel written by Samuel Johnson (1689-1761) and first published in 1740. This and the richness and variety of incident redeem the sometimes improbable events and lapses into didacticism and give the novel a sense of reality larger than life itself. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. Pamela Plot Analysis. Save me from violence!”). Pamela: Or Virtue Rewarded essays are academic essays for citation. Change ), From Pamela to patty male authors and knowledge of the female heart, Women in the French Revolution part 4: Olympe De Gouges, Women in the French Revolution part 5: Madame Roland and Women’s Clubs, Health and exercise in the 18th and 19th centuries, A glimpse into London in 1716 – whores, rogues and pickpockets, When black teeth and floor length hair was the beauty ideal in Japan. who understands the Art of bringing a Man to her Lure.” Some critics, then, accused Pamela of being less innocent than she puts on to be and of simulating sexual virtue in order to make herself more desirable. Found insideA Sicilian Romance is a gothic novel by Ann Radcliffe. It was her second published work, and was first published anonymously in 1790. This Study Guide consists of approximately 51 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Pamela, or, Virtue Rewarded. Richardson’s objects in writing Pamela were moral instruction and commercial success, perhaps in that order. The first thing you might notice about Pamela is that she seems too good to be true. He abhors the idea of men having to “compromise” with their wives, which is today, I think, conversely thought of as being one the key standards of a happy and balanced marriage. I was frustrated over the treatment of women, but fascinated by it at the same time. This echoes the way many still blames the victim in sexual assault cases today. This conversation puts the blame on the victim, not the perpetrator. Because of this, the romantic relationship doesn’t seem very believable. Sir Charles Grandison differs dramatically from its predecessors in its concern with the English upper class and aristocracy, a world which Richardson freely acknowledged he had never known or understood: “How shall a man obscurely situated . At the same time, her sister Arabella is being courted by an aristocrat, Robert Lovelace. This intense interest in the usual sets him apart from such predecessors as Daniel Defoe or the seventeenth century writers of prose romances. This study guide refers to the Oxford World Classics edition, which is based on the 1740 text. Yost, Julia. Pamela believes in the puritan idea that ‘humility’ is a virtue. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Read the Study Guide for Pamela: Or Virtue Rewarded…, Discuss ornament in 'Pamela' and 'Shamela', The Effects of the Social Hierarchy in Caleb Williams and Pamela or Virtue Rewarded, View our essays for Pamela: Or Virtue Rewarded…, View Wikipedia Entries for Pamela: Or Virtue Rewarded…. Not all were won over, however, and part of what makes the publication of Pamela such a phenomenon in English literary history is the controversy that greeted it and the legion of detractors and parodists it inspired. From the opening letter in which she informs her parents that her mistress has died and Squire B., her mistress’s son, has appeared on the scene, to the long sequence of her journal entries, until her final victory when her would-be seducer, worn out and defeated in all his attempts to have her without marriage, capitulates and makes the “thrice-happy” Pamela his wife, she dominates the novel. Richardson’s innovation was a generic one consisting, in part, of his producing a respectable and morally elevating work in the despised genre of the novel, hitherto the province of only the cheapest diversions. Richardson’s Characters. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1963. So what occasion have I for these things [money]?(p. Being one of the first – if not the first – novel told entirely through fictional letters made it very new and exciting narrative concept at the time. Pamela comments on all these rules though, in her journal, and some of them she agrees with more than others. Its appendices include contemporary reviews of Evelina as well as eighteenth-century works on the family and on comedy. The reputation of Frances Burney (1752-1840) was largely established with her first novel, Evelina. . 4. Pamela’s Journal: The 15th Day of her Happiness through the Editorial Conclusion. One of the most spectacular successes of the flourishing literary marketplace of eighteenth-century London, Pamela also marked a defining moment in the emergence of the modern novel. Even the way that the letters were written, the formal, elegant style of letter-writing by the main character was very intriguing to me. Found inside"Mary, A Fiction" is the only complete novel that Mary Wollstonecraft has ever written. She tells the tragic story of a heroine's successive "romantic friendships" with a woman and a man. Pamela – or virtue rewarded, Samuel Richardson, 1740, From Pamela to patty male authors and knowledge of the female heart – Sonya Chung, http://www.miscellanies.org/4183_5183/pamela.html. But a lower-class girl marrying a higher-class man is a plotline found in surprisingly many romance-novels, and there’s a reason for it. Pamela’s Journal: The 7th Day of her Happiness through the 14th. Exactly. A Short History of English Literature Zhengzhou Jan 2007 The intimacy and realism of this method, which Richardson called “writing to the moment,” combined with the liveliness of Pamela’s language and character, proved highly attractive. So, Mr. B’s sexual advances towards her shows a lack of respect for her class; he doesn’t consider the reputation she’d lose nor her right to bodily integrity. Pamela Introduction. Found insideLucid and witty, Narrative Transvestism will serve as a model of analysis for readers interested in issues of gender in narrative, including feminist theorists, students and scholars of the eighteenth-century novel, and critics interested ... I think this book is indispensable for anyone interested in the exploration of 18th century gender and class. Pamela was a challenging but very interesting read. So, am I pro-Pamela or Anti-pamela? Pamela’s Journal: The 36th Day of her Imprisonment through the 41st. It went through five editions in its first year and inspired a market for Pamela-themed memorabilia, which took such forms as paintings, playing cards, and ladies’ fans. Nonfiction: The Apprentice’s Vade Mecum: Or, Young Man’s Pocket Companion, 1733; Letters Written to and for Particular Friends, on the Most Important Occasions, 1741; A Collection of the Moral and Instructive Sentiments, Maxims, Cautions, and Reflections, Contained in the Histories of Pamela, Clarissa, and Sir Charles Grandison, 1755; The Correspondence of Samuel Richardson, 1804 (Anna Barbauld, editor). Pamela is the story of a teenage girl named Pamela, because apparently Richardson wasn't a very creative namer. So, being very intrigued, I ordered the book and started reading it as soon as it arrived. But I was positively surprised. The wealthy young ‘gentleman’ sexually harasses Pamela, and when she refuses his advances, he abducts her and keeps her prisoner in a mansion. Even before the seventh and last volume was in print the following year, some critics were stating their dissatisfaction with Sir Charles’s “Unbelievable Perfection,” a criticism Richardson repudiated in a concluding note to the last volume: “The Editor (that is, Richardson himself) thinks human nature has often, of late, been shown in a light too degrading; and he hopes from this series of letters it will be seen that characters may be good without being unnatural.”. Mr. B encapsulates men’s role in society as patriarchal and authoritarian and Pamela epitomises 18th century notions of femininity with her submissiveness and compliance. In spite of its shortcomings, Pamela cannot be dismissed, as one critic has commented, as “only a record of a peculiarly loathsome aspect of bourgeois morality.” Pamela has great moments, scenes, and characters that pass the ultimate test of a work of fiction, that of memorableness: scenes that remain in the reader’s consciousness long after many of the events have become blurred or dimmed. Myer, Valerie Grosvenor, ed. She was also apprehensive about sharing her fear of Mr. B’s sexual advances with others, as they might consider her vain; “But I say nothing yet of your cautions, or of my own uneasiness, to Mrs Jervis; not that I mistrust her, but for fear that she should think me presumptuous and vain, and conceited, to have any fears about the matter, from the great distance between such a gentleman and so poor a girl” – Pamela. This dualism permeates all three of his novels and is perhaps most apparent—and transparent—in Pamela. Lovelace remains a haunted man (“sick of myself! The closet Pamela hides in is a symbol of escape. Samuel Richardson: Passion and Prudence. The author begins the novel with thirty-two letters. This is probably linked to the legal doctrine of “coverture” which purports that a woman’s legal existence is ‘suspended’ during marriage and is ‘consolidated’ into that of her husband and the wife loses almost all the privileges she’d have as a single woman (to own property, keep salary, sign contracts etc). I think I’m neither. He began work on Pamela on November 10, 1739 and completed it on January 10, 1740. A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality study guides that feature detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics. The story revolves around Pamela and her intimate and private thoughts and experiences – many also call it a “psychological” novel. Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded, 1740-1741; Clarissa: Or, The History of a Young Lady, 1747-1748; Sir Charles Grandison, 1753-1754. Though his novels have frequently suffered in comparison with those of his major contemporary, Henry Fielding, in recent years a renewed interest in and appraisal of Richardson and his work have placed him securely in the ranks of the major English novelists. . Curiously, many of the same gender stereotypes we assign to men and women today also dominated the understanding of masculinity and femininity all the way back in the mid 18th century. London: Associated University Presses, 1994. No wonder a lot of people find this story strikingly similar to the  ‘Stockholm Syndrome’ condition. He was very inspired by the religious puritan ideal of innocence and virtue. A Danish observer went so far as to say that England seemed divided into “two different parties, Pamelists and Antipamelists. For a fascinating glimpse into eighteenth-century morals and values, take a look at Samuel Richardson's Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded. Why did Samuel Richardson write Pamela in the first place? I scribbled down some of my thoughts on topics like gender, class etc. . Plot-wise the book did drag sometimes for my taste. In particular, in subsequent editions of the novel he elevates Pamela’s style of writing and speaking, progressively eliminating rusticisms, regionalisms, and other markers of her lower-class status. “Pamela: or virtue rewarded” is an epistolary novel written by Samuel Johnson (1689-1761) and first published in 1740. I now intend to make a great one by my Vartue.” Fielding’s savagely funny send-up was one of many parodies of Richardson’s novel (Eliza Haywood’s Anti-Pamela is another notable contribution); it burlesques not only the moral pretensions of Richardson’s heroine but also her vulgar tongue and her penchants for recording voluminous detail and writing in real time. Pamela exemplifies the ideal puritan woman; she refuses any sexual relationship with Mr. B. “Why, Creature,’ said she, flying into a passion, ‘dost thou think thyself above it? • Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded is an epistolary novel by Samuel Richardson, first published in 1740 . Clarissa lives.”. Pamela achieved extraordinary popularity among three groups whose tastes do not often coincide: the public, the litterateurs, and the professional moralists. In Henry Fielding’s Shamela, for instance, the “heroine” boasts: “I thought once of making a little fortune by my [physical] Person. Richardson's novels reveal the conflict of human passion in all its aspects - love, lust, and suffering. This conflict is considered and critically analysed in fourteen essays, all originally published in Eighteenth-Century Fiction. Do you know whom you speak to?’, “I lost all fear and all respect, and said “Yes, I do, sir, too well! Doody, Margaret Anne. Other writers had used letters as a storytelling device, but few if any of Richardson’s predecessors had approximated his skill in recording the external events and incidents of a narrative along with the intimate and instant revelation of a character’s thought and emotions in the process of their taking place, a method so flowing, so fluid, so flexible, as almost to anticipate the modern technique of stream of consciousness. Samuel Richardson is reputed to be the first male writers to have taken a feminist . They tend to prefer one of two versions, either the original version of 1740 or the posthumous version of 1801. ( Log Out /  “I can so contentedly return to my poverty again, and think it less disgrace to be obliged to live upon rye-bread and water, as I used to do, than to be a harlot to the greatest man in the world”. It was scandalous that a servant should marry her master, someone so above her own class. Richardson learned to know his characters, so intimately, so thoroughly, as to triumph over his prolixity, repetitiveness, moralizing, and sentimentality. What are the structural differences between the two halves of the book, and why do they matter? Labeled as “virtually unreadable” by one modern commentator, even Richardson’s most understanding criticbiographers, T. C. Duncan Eaves and Ben D. Kimpel, have dismissed them as “Richardson at his worst, pompous, proper, proud of himself, and above all dull.”. He was one of a family of nine children. Richardson was sensitive to the criticism and ridicule, and it influenced his many revisions of the novel. The Workings of Passion and Love in Samuel Richardson's Pamela.pdf. Being one of the first – if not the first – novel told entirely through fictional letters made it very new and exciting narrative concept at the time. Samuel Richardson may have based his first novel on the story of a real-life affair between Hannah Sturges, the sixteen-year-old daughter of a coachman, and Sir Arthur Hesilrige, Baronet of Northampton, whom she married in 1725. This section contains 1,130 words. Also throughout the entire novel, Samuel Richardson makes it clear that Pamela knows her place in society. Around these four are a number of contrasting minor characters, each of whom contributes to the minutely recorded series of events and climaxes, events which in their barest forms verge upon melodrama, and at times even farce. “Boys will be boys” kind of talk. When Pamela marries, she feels it acceptable to finally wear her late Lady B’s fancy clothes without too much guilt. But it also seems that Pamela expects a sort of ‘respect’ from her master. ( Log Out /  Counterpointing and contrasting with these two major characters are Anna Howe, Clarissa’s closest friend and confidante, and John Belford, Lovelace’s closest friend. Others, on the contrary, discover in it the Behaviour of an hypocritical, crafty Girl . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1974 Samuel Richardson and the Eighteenth-Century Puritan Character. “Do you hear, Mrs Jervis?” said he, “do you hear hear the pertness of the creature? The novel had a legitimate claim to its wide audience, however: in addition to its moral utility, there was the aesthetic achievement of Richardson’s narrative method, quite avant-garde at the time. Pamela herself has a very low opinion of women; “For well I know, sir, that nothing much excites the envy of my own sex, as seeing a person set above them in appearance, and in dress”. The heroine, a young servant girl, is pursued by her master, Squire B., but maintains her virginity in spite of his repeated and ingenious efforts, until the would-be seducer, driven to desperation, marries her. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1971. The conflict in Clementina’s heart and soul, her subsequent refusal to marry Sir Charles because he is a Protestant, and her ensuing madness are as effective as anything Richardson ever wrote, and far more convincing than Sir Charles’s rescue of Harriett Byron following her abduction by Sir Hargrove Pollexfen and their eventual marriage. I would not hurt a worm! When we meet Pamela, she's a sweet, pious, innocent teenager who is as heartbroken that her mistress has died as you would be to find out that One Direction broke up. In the same vein, higher-class people should acknowledge their place in society and act accordingly. Belford, like the reader, is horror-stricken. Pamela, or, Virtue Rewarded Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to help you understand the book. This study guide contains the following sections: This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion and a Free Quiz on Pamela, or, Virtue Rewarded by Samuel Richardson. English isn’t my native language either so I expected to understand very little of an english text that is almost 300 years old. Out of the truths and lies that envelop these events, John Fowles has created a novel that is at once a tale of erotic obsession, an exploration of the conflict between reason and superstition, an astonishing act of literary legerdemain, ... Print Word PDF. The Richardsons eventually moved to London, where Samuel got some sort of education - we're not sure exactly how formal or what the quality was. 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Perhaps Richardson’s (19 August 1689 – 4 July 1761) most important contribution to the development of the novel was his concern for the nonexceptional problems of daily conduct, the relationships between men and women, and the specific class-and-caste distinctions of mid-eighteenth century England.

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